Speech Recognition Writing Robotic Arm

Robotics is a key technology in the modern world. Robots are a well-established part of manufacturing and warehouse automation, assembling cars or washing machines, and, for example, moving goods to and from storage racks for Internet mail order. More recently robots have taken their first steps into homes and hospitals, and seen spectacular success in planetary exploration. Yet, despite these successes, robots have failed to live up to the predictions of the 1950s and 60s, when it was widely thought - by scientists and engineers as well as the public - that by turn of the 21st century we would have intelligent robots as butlers, companions, or co-workers. Robotics is the branch of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering and computer science that deals with the design, construction, operation, and application of robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and information processing. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15062

“STUDIES ON STRUCTURAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF (1-X) CO MN FE O + (X) BATIO COMPOSITES

<p>The (1-x) Co Mn Fe O + (x) BaTiO magnetoelectric (ME) composite have 1.2 0.2 1.6 4 3 been prepared using conventional double sintering ceramic process where x varies as 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75. The presence of constituent phases, i.e. piezoelectric and piezomagnetic in the composite has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The dc resistivity of the samples has been studied with variation in temperature. The magnetoelectric voltage coefficient (dE/dH)H was studied as a function of intensity of the magnetic field. The measured magnetoelectric (ME) response demonstrated strong dependence on the volume fraction of CoMnFe O and the applied magnetic field. A 2 4 large ME voltage coefficient was observed for 25% CoMnFe O + 75% BaTiO 2 4 3 composite. The effect of resistivity on ME voltage coefficient is studied.</p

Involvement of central serotonergic systems in dextromethorphan-induced behavioural syndrome in rats

620-625Dextromethorphan, a noncompetitive blocker of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) type of glutamate receptor, at 45, 60 and 75 mg/kg, ip doses induced a behavioural syndrome characterised by reciprocal forepaw treading, lateral head-weaving, hind-limb abduction and flat body posture. Such type of behavioural syndrome is induced by 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin (8-OH-DPAT) by directly stimulating the central postsynaptic 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, serotonin) receptors of the 5-HT1A type. Pretreatment with buspirone (5, 10 mg/kg, ip) and l-propranolol (10, 20 mg/kg, ip) antagonised the behavioural syndrome induced by 8-OH-DPAT and dextromethorphan. Pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (100 mg/kg/day×4 days) antagonised the behavioural syndrome induced by dextromethorphan and dexfenfluramine but had no significant effect on 8-OH-DPAT induced behavioural syndrome. This indicates that dextromethorphan induces the behavioural syndrome by releasing 5-HT from serotonergic neurons with resultant activation of the postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors by the released 5-HT. Pretreatment with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, ip) significantly potentiated the behavioural syndrome induced by dextromethorphan and 5-hydroxytryptophan but significantly antagonised dexfenfluramine induced behavioural syndrome. This indicates that dextromethorphan releases 5-HT by a mechanism which differs from that of dexfenfluramine. Dextromethorphan may be releasing 5-HT by blocking the NMDA receptors and thereby counteracting the inhibitory influence of 1-glutamate on 5-HT release

Effects of dextromethorphan on dopamine dependent behaviours in rats

712-719Dextromethorphan, a noncompetitive blocker of N-methyl-D- aspartate (NMDA) type of glutamate receptor, at 7.5-75 mg/kg, ip did not induce oral stereotypies or catalepsy and did not antagonize apomorphine stereotypy in rats. These results indicate that dextromethorphan at 7.5-75 mg/kg does not stimulate or block postsynaptic striatal D2 and D1 dopamine (DA) receptors. Pretreatment with 15 and 30 mg/kg dextromethorphan potentiated dexamphetamine stereotypy and antagonised haloperidol catalepsy. Pretreatment with 45, 60 and 75 mg/kg dextromethorphan, which release 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), however, antagonised dexamphetamine stereotypy and potentiated haloperidol catalepsy. Apomorphine stereotypy was not potentiated or antagonised by pretreatment with 7.5-75 mg/kg dextromethorphan. This respectively indicates that at 7.5-75 mg/kg dextromethorphan does not exert facilitatory or inhibitory effect at or beyond the postsynaptic striatal D2 and D1 DA receptors. The results are explained on the basis of dextromethorphan (15-75 mg/kg) – induced blockade of NMDA receptors in striatum and substantia nigra pars compacta. Dextromethorphan at 15 and 30 mg/kg, by blocking NMDA receptors, activates nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons and thereby potentiates dexampetamine stereotypy and antagonizes haloperidol catalepsy. Dextromethorphan at 45, 60 and 75 mg/kg, by blocking NMDA receptors, releases 5-HT and through the released 5-HT exerts an inhibitory influence on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons with resultant antagonism of dexampetamine stereotypy and potentiation of haloperidol catalepsy

Dose-dependent response of central dopaminergic systems to buspirone in mice

704-714Buspirone, a partial agonist of 5-hydroxytryptamine1A autoreceptors, preferentially blocks the presynaptic rather than the postsynaptic D2 dopamine (DA) receptors. Behavioural effects of a wide dose range of buspirone were therefore studied in mice. Buspirone at 0.625 to 5 mg/kg ip induced stereotyped cage climbing behaviour which was antagonized by pretreatment with haloperidol, alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine and small doses of apomorphine. Buspirone at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg ip induced catalepsy and antagonized oral stereotypies induced by high doses of apomorphine and methamphetamine and apomorphine-induced cage climbing behaviour. The findings indicate that buspirone at 0.625 to 5 mg/kg selectively blocks the presynaptic mesolimbic D2 DA autoreceptors and releases DA which stimulates the postsynaptic mesolimbic D2 and D1 DA receptors and induces cage climbing behaviour. Buspirone, at 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg blocks the postsynaptic striatal and mesolimbic D2 and D1 DA receptors. Pretreatment with l-tryptophan, dexfenfluramine and fluoxetine antagonized buspirone induced cage climbing behaviour and potentiated buspirone induced catalepsy. Pretreatment with trazodone, mianserin and p-chlorophenylalanine potentiated buspirone induced cage climbing behaviour and antagonized buspirone induced catalepsy. The results indicate that drugs which influence the activity of central serotonergic systems modulate the intensity of buspirone induced cage climbing behaviour and catalepsy

Not Available

Not AvailableCluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), also known as guar, is an important industrial crop owing to its high gum content in the endosperm. Availability of sufficient genomic resources, especially, DNA markers, greatly aids genetic improvement of a crop. In this study, we identified 1859 genomic SSRs, for the first time, from 1091 scaffolds representing 60% of the cluster bean genome. Further we validated 89 of these markers using 54 cultivated guar accessions and two wild relatives, Cyamopsis serrata and Cyamopsis senegalensis. Seven SSRs were monomorphic even with the wild relatives while 11 were polymorphic only between species with 72 being polymorphic within C. tetragonoloba accessions. Polymorphism information content of the markers ranged from 0.017 to 0.62 with an average of 0.19. Cross-transferability rates of 62% observed for the genomic SSRs suggested divergence between the cultivated and the wild species. Genomic SSRs mined in this study though showed a high proportion of dinucleotide repeats (48.5%), while tri-and tetranucleotide repeats were found to be more polymorphic. Genetic diversity analysis of the 56 accessions using the 82 polymorphic markers could differentiate the cultivated accessions of C. tetragonoloba into four major clusters, two of which had two sub-clusters while the wild accessions formed a separate cluster. Since chromosome-wide distribution of the SSRs is unknown and genetic linkage maps in guar is not available, we used the soybean genome as a reference and identified 29 genome-wide and unlinked SSRs markers. Population structure analysis (PSA) using these markers revealed six subpopulations, more or less similar to the major and sub-clusters identified by the neighbor joining analysis. Further PSA identified an entry from subpopulation 6 to have admixture with the wild relatives. Annotation of the validated genomic SSR containing sequences using green plant nr protein database revealed that 16 of them were genic in nature. This is the first report on genomic SSRs and their utilization in unraveling the genetic diversity in cluster bean.Not Availabl

Not Available

Not AvailableCluster bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba), also known as guar, is an important industrial crop owing to its high gum content in the endosperm. Availability of sufficient genomic resources, especially, DNA markers, greatly aids genetic improvement of a crop. In this study, we identified 1859 genomic SSRs, for the first time, from 1091 scaffolds representing 60% of the cluster bean genome. Further we validated 89 of these markers using 54 cultivated guar accessions and two wild relatives, Cyamopsis serrata and Cyamopsis senegalensis. Seven SSRs were monomorphic even with the wild relatives while 11 were polymorphic only between species with 72 being polymorphic within C. tetragonoloba accessions. Polymorphism information content of the Markers ranged from 0.017 to 0.62 with an average of 0.19. Cross-Transferability rates of 62% observed for the genomic SSRs suggested Divergence between the cultivated and the wild species. Genomic SRs Mined in this study though showed a high proportion of dinucleotide repeats (48.5%), while tri- and tetranucleotide repeats were found to be more polymorphic. Genetic diversity analysis of the 56 accessions using the 82 polymorphic markers could differentiate the cultivated accessions of C. tetragonoloba into four major clusters, two of which had two sub-clusters while the wild accessions formed a separate cluster. Since chromosome-wide distribution of the SSRs is unknown and genetic linkage maps in guar is not available, we used the soybean genome as a reference and identified 29 genome-wide and unlinked SSRs markers. Population structure analysis (PSA) using these markers revealed six subpopulations, more or less similar to the major and sub-clusters identified by the neighbor joining analysis. Further PSA identified an entry from subpopulation 6 to have admixture with the wild relatives. Annotation of the validated genomic SSR containing sequences using green plant nr protein database revealed that 16 of them were genic in nature. This is the first report on genomic SSRs and their utilization in unraveling the genetic diversity in cluster bean.Not Availabl

Proceedings of National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and Society

This conference proceedings contains articles on the various research ideas of the academic community and practitioners presented at the National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and Society (R{ES}2 2021). R{ES}2 2021 was organized by Shri Pandurang Pratishthan’s, Karmayogi Engineering College, Shelve, Pandharpur, India on July 25th, 2021. Conference Title: National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and SocietyConference Acronym: R{ES}2 2021Conference Date: 25 July 2021Conference Location: Online (Virtual Mode)Conference Organizers: Shri Pandurang Pratishthan’s, Karmayogi Engineering College, Shelve, Pandharpur, India